Secondary education streams:

Scientific/Math, Scientific

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Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing buildings or other structures. The term comes from Latin architectura; from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn) 'architect'; from ἀρχι- (arkhi-) 'chief' and τέκτων (téktōn) 'creator'. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilisations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements. The practice, which began in the prehistoric era, has been used as a way of expressing culture by civilizations on all seven continents. For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of art. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on architectural theories is the 1st century AD treatise De architectura by the Roman architect Vitruvius, according to whom a good building embodies firmitas, utilitas, and venustas (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, Leon Battista Alberti developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. In the 19th century, Louis Sullivan declared that "form follows function". "Function" began to replace the classical "utility" and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological, and cultural dimensions. The idea of sustainable architecture was introduced in the late 20th century. Architecture began as rural, oral vernacular architecture that developed from trial and error to successful replication. Ancient urban architecture was preoccupied with building religious structures and buildings symbolizing the political power of rulers until Greek and Roman architecture shifted focus to civic virtues. Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms all over Asia and Buddhist architecture in particular took diverse local flavors. During the Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and abbeys emerged while the Renaissance favored Classical forms implemented by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers became separated. Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the middle and working classes. Emphasis was put on modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric forms, paving the way for high-rise superstructures. Many architects became disillusioned with modernism which they perceived as ahistorical and anti-aesthetic, and postmodern and contemporary architecture developed. Over the years, the field of architectural construction has branched out to include everything from ship design to interior decorating. ..More on Wikipedia

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Universities with the lowest accepted score to the program	Scientific	Scientific/Math	Literature
Ain Shams University	392.0
Alexandria University	389.5
The American University in Cairo	80.0
Assiut University	386.0
Tanta University	391.0
Zagazig University	392.0
Helwan University	388.5
Minia University	387.0
Menofia University	390.5
Suez Canal University	394.5
Benha University
Fayoum University	388.0
Beni Suef University	393.0
Kafrelsheikh University	389.5
Sohag University	389.5
Aswan University	386.5
Suez University	388.0
Sinai University	80.0
6th of October University	80.0
Misr University For Science And Technology	80.0
October University for Modern Sciences and Arts	80.0
French University in Egypt	80.0
German University in Cairo	80.0
British University in Egypt	80.0
Egyptian Russian University	80.0
Nahda University	80.0
Modern University for Technology & Information	80.0
Pharos University	80.0
Future University	80.0
Delta University	80.0
Nile University	80.0
Heliopolis University	80.0
Badr University	80.0
Horus University	80.0
Ahram Canadian University	80.0
Cairo University	395.0
Mansoura University	395.0
Galala University
King Salman International University
Al Alamein University

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PLEASE NOTE: College Search profiles are based primarily on information obtained from government agencies and university websites. Costs, dates, policies, and programs are subject to change, so please confirm important facts with college admission personnel. The lowest minimum score mentioned applies to Egyptian students only. Lowest minimum score for international students is 5% to 15% less depending on the major.